TITLE: “ETIOLOGY,MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH HYPONATREMIA IN ICU KIMS,NARKETPALLY” INTRODUCTION: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients and has been associated with increased mortality. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration (Na + ) less than 135 mEq/L Serum sodium levels and serum osmolality are normally maintained under precise control by homeostatic mechanisms involving thirst, anti-diuretic hormone and the renal handling of filtered sodium. Hyponatremia occurs in a broad spectrum of patients who are asymptomatic or critically ill. Patients in whom the serum sodium concentration is greater than 130 mEq/L are usually asymptomatic, whereas those in whom these values are lower may have symptoms. Clinical symptoms vary from individual to individual. Majority of patients with hyponatremia are asymptomatic. Most patients with hyponatremia have non-specific symptoms or symptoms due to an underlying disease or disorder...
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